Mgahinga Gorilla National Park: Gorillas and Golden Monkeys from Kigali
By Anna Axelson, Operations Manager, East Africa Safaris · Updated October 2026
Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is Uganda's corner of the Virunga volcanoes: 33.7 km² (13 sq mi) on the slopes of Muhavura, Gahinga and Sabyinyo, where Uganda meets Rwanda and DR Congo. It has one habituated gorilla group and issues about eight gorilla permits a day, at $800, or $600 in April, May and November. Golden monkeys live in its bamboo, and the park also offers three volcano climbs and the Batwa Trail. From Kigali, the road north through Musanze crosses into Uganda at Cyanika, and our itineraries allow about four hours from Kigali to Kisoro, the town 14 km from the park headquarters. Our private trips that can trek here start and end in Kigali and cost from $1,870 per person, permits included.
Checked: October 2026. Park facts, permit prices and rules come from the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), Rwanda's fees from the Rwanda Development Board (RDB), and border and visa rules from Uganda's and Rwanda's immigration services. Figures from other publishers are marked "reported." Our tour prices were checked on our tour pages on October 13, 2026; they are per person and include the gorilla permit.
Our Mgahinga trips from Kigali
Every trip below is private, starts and ends in Kigali, and includes the gorilla permit, park fees, lodging, meals as listed and a private safari vehicle (a Land Cruiser, Toyota Prado or safari van, by group size) with a driver-guide. On all four, golden monkeys are tracked in Volcanoes National Park, on the Rwanda side of the same volcanoes.
| Tour | Days | What you do in Mgahinga | From, per person, permits included | Suits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Day Uganda Gorilla & Golden Monkey Trekking | 3 | One gorilla trek, in Mgahinga or Bwindi's Rushaga sector, by permit availability | $1,870 for six; $2,240 each for two | Both primates in the fewest days |
| 4-Day Uganda Gorilla & Golden Monkey Trekking Safari | 4 | One gorilla trek, in Mgahinga or Bwindi's Rushaga or Nkuringo sector, then a Batwa cultural performance | $2,130 for six; $2,604 each for two | A slower pace, with a night at Lake Mulehe |
| 4-Day Uganda Double Gorilla Trekking and Golden Monkey Safari | 4 | One of two gorilla treks, on back-to-back days with Bwindi | $2,996 for six; $3,633 each for two | Two gorilla hours in two different forests |
| 15-Day Ultimate East Africa Safari: Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya & Tanzania | 15 | A gorilla trek and a Batwa cultural experience, with the Batwa Trail as an option | Price on request | Gorillas, then savanna safaris in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania |
Check Mgahinga gorilla permits for your dates
Tell us your travel month and group size. Our team in Musanze checks permit availability and sends a private quote, with the permit included.
Sources for every figure are listed at the end of this page.
Prices fall as your group grows, because the vehicle and driver-guide are shared. Solo travelers pay $2,618 on the 3-day trip, $3,450 on the 4-day trip and $4,350 on the 4-day double. The 15-day safari covers four countries, so we quote it for your dates and group size.
The 3-day and 4-day gorilla and golden monkey trips trek in Mgahinga or Bwindi, chosen by permit availability and your preference, so if Mgahinga is the park you want, say so and book early. The 4-day double treks in both parks, and the 15-day safari treks in Mgahinga. For flights, visas, tips and the rest of the budget, see our gorilla trekking cost guide.
What is Mgahinga Gorilla National Park?
Mgahinga is Uganda's smallest national park and its share of the Virunga Massif, the chain of volcanoes along the borders of Uganda, Rwanda and DR Congo. UWA says it adjoins Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Virunga National Park in DR Congo, and the three parks form the transboundary Virunga Conservation Area.
The name comes from "Gahinga," the local word for the piles of volcanic stones farmers clear from their fields. The area became a game sanctuary in 1930 and a national park in 1991. Besides gorillas and golden monkeys, UWA lists 76 mammal species, including elephant, buffalo and leopard, though they are rarely seen in the dense forest, and more than 180 bird species.
| Mgahinga Gorilla National Park | |
|---|---|
| Location | Kisoro District, far southwest Uganda |
| Size | 33.7 km² (13 sq mi), Uganda's smallest national park |
| Altitude | 2,227 m (7,306 ft) at Ntebeko, the park headquarters, to 4,127 m (13,540 ft) on Muhavura |
| Volcanoes | Muhavura 4,127 m; Sabyinyo 3,669 m; Gahinga 3,474 m; all extinct |
| Primates | 1 habituated gorilla group, about 8 permits a day; golden monkeys |
| Park entry, foreign non-resident | $40 a day; included in the gorilla permit |
| Nearest town | Kisoro, 14 km from Ntebeko; about 4 hours from Kigali by road |
Kigali to Mgahinga via the Cyanika border
From Kigali, the road runs north to Musanze, the town next to Volcanoes National Park, about 2.5 hours away, then on to the Uganda border at Cyanika (Kyanika on the Ugandan side) and to Kisoro. Our itineraries allow about four hours from Kigali to Kisoro, including the border formalities. From Kisoro, UWA's park brochure puts the headquarters at Ntebeko 14 km away, on a rough road with steep, rocky sections.
Volcanoes, home to Rwanda's golden monkeys, is on the way, which is why our trips pair the two primates.
| Route | Distance or time | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kigali to Musanze and Volcanoes National Park | About 2.5 hours | Our itineraries |
| Kigali to Kisoro | About 4 hours, including the border | Our 2-day Uganda itinerary |
| Kigali to Uganda's gorilla areas | 3 to 5 hours (reported) | Horizon Guides |
| Kisoro to Ntebeko, Mgahinga's headquarters | 14 km | UWA |
| Kisoro to Bwindi's Rushaga or Nkuringo sector | 35 km, 1 to 1.5 hours | UWA |
Before you cross:
- Visas. You enter Rwanda twice, so a single-entry Rwanda visa is not enough. The $100 East Africa Tourist Visa covers Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya for 90 days with multiple entries; apply through the country you enter first.
- Yellow fever and passports. Uganda stopped requiring a yellow fever certificate on October 2, 2026, but Rwanda requires one from travelers arriving from Uganda, so carry yours for the crossing back. Keep your passport with you on both crossing days.
- Travel advisories. Check current travel advisories before you book; our FAQ has our latest note.
Our Uganda gorilla trekking from Kigali guide covers the border posts and visa options in more detail.
A 3-day Kigali to Mgahinga trip, day by day
Our 3-Day Uganda Gorilla & Golden Monkey Trekking is the shortest of our trips that can trek in Mgahinga, from $1,870 per person for six or $2,240 each for two. This is how it runs when your gorilla permit is for Mgahinga:
Day 1: Kigali to Volcanoes National Park. Your driver-guide meets you at the airport or your hotel for the drive north, about 2.5 hours. There is time for an easy village walk before dinner at your lodge near the park.
Day 2: Golden monkeys, then into Uganda. You track golden monkeys in the bamboo forest of Volcanoes and visit the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund's Ellen DeGeneres Campus. After lunch, you cross into Uganda for a night close to the park.
Day 3: Gorilla trek in Mgahinga and back to Kigali. After the rangers' briefing at park headquarters, you climb the volcano slopes to the habituated family and spend one hour with them. After lunch, you drive back to Kigali for a drop-off at your hotel or the airport.
Day 3 ends with a long drive, so check your flight time with us before you book it, or add a night in Kigali. For a gentler pace, the 4-day version adds a Batwa cultural performance and a night at Lake Mulehe with a canoe ride, from $2,130 per person for six.
Things to do in Mgahinga, with UWA fees
UWA's brochure names the park headquarters at Ntebeko as the trailhead for gorilla and golden monkey tracking, nature walks and the volcano climbs. These are UWA's current fees for foreign non-residents:
| Activity in Mgahinga | Fee (UWA) | Park entry ($40) |
|---|---|---|
| Gorilla tracking | $800; $600 in April, May and November | Included |
| Golden monkey tracking | $60 | Extra |
| Golden monkey habituation experience | $100 | Extra |
| Volcano climb: Muhavura, Sabyinyo or Gahinga | $100 per climb | Included |
| Batwa Trail | $80 | Included |
Porter fees and tips are not part of these fees, and porter fees are not included in our published prices.
Mgahinga gorilla trekking: one group, about eight permits
UWA lists one habituated gorilla group in Mgahinga and calls it transboundary: its range crosses into the neighboring Virunga parks. Each group takes up to eight visitors a day, so the park issues about eight gorilla permits a day, against 96 a day in Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park.
The trek climbs through bamboo and mountain forest on the lower volcano slopes, in a setting more open than Bwindi's, with views across the volcano chain. Horizon Guides reports lighter, bamboo cover than in Bwindi, though tracking is steep in places. UWA puts gorilla treks in Uganda at 2 to 7 hours, with one hour once you reach the family.
The Nyakagezi gorilla family
UWA does not name the group on its park page, but it is commonly called the Nyakagezi family (reported). The International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP) says its habituation began in 1991 and it opened to tourism in 1994, and IGCP's profile, last updated in January 2024, lists 9 members, including 4 silverbacks. Counts change as gorillas are born, die or move.
Mark, from our team, wrote about his own trek in Mgahinga, from watching the young gorillas play to the moment a silverback walked past him on the trail.
Permit, rules and booking
- The permit. $800, or $600 in April, May and November, when it cannot be rescheduled. It includes your ranger guide, that day's park entry and a community contribution.
- The rules. UWA's minimum age is 15, each group takes up to eight visitors for one hour, and you keep 10 m (32.8 ft) away, with no flash. Do not trek with a cold or other infectious illness, and we ask guests to wear a face mask.
- Book early. About eight permits a day is the fewest of any gorilla park open to visitors, so book as soon as your dates are firm, and for July and August about 6 months ahead. UWA sells gorilla permits to foreign visitors only through licensed tour operators and secures them only on full payment. With us, a 50% deposit confirms your booking, and we then secure your permits.
Refunds, date changes and 2027 prices are in our gorilla trekking permit cost guide, and trek day, fitness and packing are in our complete guide to gorilla trekking.
Golden monkey trekking in Mgahinga
UWA says golden monkeys are found only in the Virungas, with an estimated 2,000 to 4,000 left, and classes them as endangered. In Mgahinga, visitors track them through the bamboo on the slopes of Mount Gahinga and spend an hour with the troop once they find it. UWA calls golden monkey tracking less tiring than gorilla tracking.
UWA charges $60 for tracking, or $100 with the $40 park entry. Its brochure says the habituation experience, at $100 plus entry, lets you spend all day following a troop with researchers. UWA's tariff does not state a minimum age for golden monkeys.
Our current trips track golden monkeys on the Rwanda side, in Volcanoes National Park, where RDB charges $100 and the trek fits on the way to the border. Our golden monkey trekking guide sets the Rwanda and Uganda options side by side.
Volcano climbs and the Batwa Trail
Mgahinga's three volcanoes are extinct, and UWA's brochure says each can be climbed in a day. UWA's tariff charges $100 per climb, park entry included.
- Muhavura (4,127 m, 13,540 ft). The highest, called Muhabura in Rwanda; its name means "the guide." UWA describes a crater lake about 40 m across on the summit, and a climb through montane forest, bamboo and heather to giant lobelias and groundsels near the top.
- Sabyinyo (3,669 m, 12,037 ft). Also spelled Sabinyo. Its name translates as "old man's teeth," for its jagged crown of several summits. Steep sections near the top include a fixed ladder.
- Gahinga (3,474 m, 11,398 ft). The smallest of the Virunga volcanoes, with bamboo slopes and a swampy crater about 180 m wide on top.
The Batwa Trail. The Batwa, hunter-gatherers whom UWA calls the forest's "first people," now guide visitors through the lower slopes and show how they lived there. UWA's brochure says the trail ends in Garama Cave, a lava tube that was once home to the Batwa king, with a performance of music and dance. Full and half-day trails are available, at $80, park entry included.
None of our published trips includes a volcano climb in Mgahinga, and only the 15-day safari offers the Batwa Trail, as an option. If you want either, tell us when you ask for a quote.
Mgahinga or Bwindi?
Both use the same $800 permit and are reached from Kigali through Kisoro. The differences are the forest and how easy permits are to get.
| Mgahinga | Bwindi | |
|---|---|---|
| Habituated gorilla groups | 1, with about 8 permits a day | 25, not all open to visitors, in 4 sectors |
| Terrain | Volcano slopes, bamboo and montane forest, 2,227 to 4,127 m | Steep rainforest ridges and valleys, 1,160 to 2,607 m |
| From Kisoro | 14 km to Ntebeko | 35 km to Rushaga or Nkuringo, 1 to 1.5 hours |
| Also on offer | Golden monkeys, volcano climbs, the Batwa Trail | The gorilla habituation experience, $1,500 ($1,800 from January 1, 2027) |
Choose Mgahinga for volcano scenery and golden monkeys, Bwindi for more choice of dates, or both: our 4-day double treks in each. Our Bwindi Impenetrable National Park guide covers its sectors.
Mgahinga or Volcanoes?
Mgahinga and Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park share the same volcanoes and habitat. The differences are the permit price, the number of permits and the border.
| Mgahinga, Uganda | Volcanoes, Rwanda | |
|---|---|---|
| Gorilla permit | $800; $600 in April, May and November | $1,500 |
| Habituated gorilla families | 1 | 12 |
| Gorilla permits a day | About 8 | 96 |
| Golden monkeys | $60, plus $40 park entry | $100 |
| Volcano climbs | Muhavura, Sabyinyo and Gahinga, $100 each | The same three plus Bisoke and Karisimbi, $75 to $400 |
| From Kigali | About 4 hours to Kisoro, with a border crossing | About 2.5 hours, no border |
Volcanoes suits a short trip with no border, and Mgahinga suits a smaller permit budget. Our 3-day and 4-day trips give you some of both: golden monkeys in Volcanoes, then the gorilla trek in Uganda. See our Volcanoes National Park guide for the Rwanda side.
Where to stay near Mgahinga
UWA's park brochure lists three bases:
- The park edge at Ntebeko, with up-market and budget lodges closest to the trailhead.
- Kisoro town, 14 km away, which UWA says is also where most visitors to Bwindi's Rushaga and Nkuringo sectors spend the night.
- Lake Mutanda, a lake north of the park formed by a volcanic dam, with resorts on its northern shore about 16 km from Kisoro.
On our trips, the 4-day double sleeps in Kisoro after its Bwindi trek, the 4-day gorilla and golden monkey safari ends with a night at Lake Mulehe, and the 3-day trip and the 15-day safari stay at a lodge close to the park. Lodging is in every price, so tell us your preferred level when you ask for a quote.
Best time to visit Mgahinga
Gorilla treks run all year, and so do our tours, 7 days a week. UWA's brochure gives two drier seasons, December to February and May to August, with June and July the driest, and the wettest months as March, April and September to November.
Of UWA's $600 months, April and November fall in the wettest months, and May sits on the edge of the rains: UWA's brochure counts it as dry, while the Uganda Tourism Board puts Uganda's rains at March to May. Low-season permits cannot be rescheduled, so choose those dates with care.
It is cool all year at this altitude, with daytime temperatures of about 15°C (59°F) and nights of about 10°C (50°F), says UWA, so pack a warm layer and rain gear in any month. Rain makes trails slippery, but it does not necessarily mean a longer trek. Our best time for gorilla trekking guide goes month by month.
Ready to plan your Mgahinga trek?
Plan it with us
Tell us your travel month, group size, how many days you have and whether you want Mgahinga, Bwindi or both, and we will suggest a trip and check Mgahinga permit availability for your dates. Request a quote, or WhatsApp or call either of our offices.
We plan trips from Musanze, next to Volcanoes National Park, and from Cedar City, Utah. East Africa Safaris is the trading name of East Africa Safari Tours, Inc., a Utah corporation, licensed by the Rwanda Development Board (license RDB/TL/2026/02/TO/00995).
Frequently asked questions
Where is Mgahinga Gorilla National Park?
It is in Kisoro District, in Uganda's far southwest, on the Ugandan slopes of the Virunga volcanoes. It borders Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park and DR Congo's Virunga National Park, and the three form the Virunga Conservation Area. At 33.7 km², it is Uganda's smallest national park. The headquarters, at Ntebeko, is 14 km from Kisoro town, and Kisoro is about four hours from Kigali by road, including the border.
How do you get from Kigali to Mgahinga?
By road. You drive north to Musanze, about 2.5 hours from Kigali, then cross into Uganda at Cyanika and continue to Kisoro; our itineraries allow about four hours from Kigali to Kisoro, including the border. The park headquarters is 14 km beyond Kisoro. Because you enter Rwanda twice, a single-entry Rwanda visa is not enough, and the $100 East Africa Tourist Visa covers both countries. Our trips include the drive with a private driver-guide.
How much is a gorilla permit in Mgahinga?
UWA charges foreign non-residents $800, the same as in Bwindi, or $600 in April, May and November, when permits cannot be rescheduled. The standard rate stays $800 from January 1, 2027. The permit covers one hour with the habituated group, your ranger guide, that day's park entry and a community contribution. Rwanda's permit, for comparison, costs $1,500. Every price on our Mgahinga trips includes the permit.
What is the Nyakagezi gorilla family?
It is the name commonly given to Mgahinga's one habituated gorilla group (reported); UWA's park page describes the group but does not name it. The International Gorilla Conservation Programme says its habituation began in 1991 and tourism in 1994, and its profile, last updated in January 2024, lists 9 members, including 4 silverbacks. UWA calls the group transboundary, because its range crosses into the neighboring Virunga parks.
Can you do golden monkey trekking in Mgahinga?
Yes. UWA sells golden monkey tracking in the bamboo on the slopes of Mount Gahinga for $60, plus the $40 park entry, and a longer habituation experience for $100, plus entry. A standard trek gives you an hour with the troop. UWA's tariff does not state a minimum age. Our current trips track golden monkeys in Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park, at RDB's $100 fee, before crossing into Uganda for the gorilla trek.
Is Mgahinga or Bwindi better for gorilla trekking?
Both give you the same visit for the same $800: one hour with a habituated family. Mgahinga has volcano slopes, bamboo, golden monkeys and views across the Virungas, but only one group and about eight permits a day. Bwindi is dense rainforest on steep ridges, with 25 habituated groups across four sectors, so permits are easier to find. Our 3-day and 4-day trips use either, by permit availability, and our 4-day double treks in both.
Can you climb the volcanoes in Mgahinga?
Yes. UWA sells day climbs of all three: Muhavura (4,127 m), with a small crater lake on top; Sabyinyo (3,669 m), with a fixed ladder among its steep sections near the top; and Gahinga (3,474 m), the smallest, with a swampy crater. Each costs $100 for foreign non-residents, park entry included. None of our published trips includes a climb, so if you want one added, tell us when you ask for a quote.
How far ahead should you book a Mgahinga gorilla permit?
As soon as your dates are firm. With about eight permits a day, Mgahinga has the fewest gorilla permits of any park open to visitors, and for July and August we recommend booking 6 months ahead. UWA secures permits only on full payment; with us, a 50% deposit confirms your booking, and we then secure your permits. If Mgahinga is full, our 3-day and 4-day gorilla and golden monkey trips can trek in Bwindi instead.
Sources
Official sources and our tour pages were checked on October 13, 2026. Official sources come first, then conservation organizations, then reported figures, then East Africa Safaris.
- UWA, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (official): https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/mgahinga-gorilla-national-park/. Supports 33.7 km2 and Uganda's smallest national park; Kisoro District; one habituated transboundary gorilla group; 2,227 to 4,127 m; three extinct volcanoes of the Virunga range, part of the Virunga Conservation Area; golden monkey habitat; the name from "Gahinga," the local word for piles of volcanic stones cleared from farmland; game sanctuary in 1930 and national park in 1991; the Batwa as the forest's "first people" and the tour with a Batwa guide; over 76 mammals, including elephants, buffalo and leopards, and over 180 bird species, including Albertine Rift endemics; park entry of $40 for foreign non-residents; and Kisoro as the closest town.
- UWA, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park brochure (official PDF, 2018 edition, linked from the park page): https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/MGNP-2018-4.pdf. Supports the slopes of Muhuvura, Gahinga and Sabinyo; 2,227 m near Ntebeko park headquarters and 4,127 m on Muhavura; the park adjoining Volcanoes National Park and Virunga National Park, together the Virunga Conservation Area; the volcano names ("the guide," "small pile of stones," "old man's teeth"); large mammals rarely encountered in the dense forest; the 14 km rough road with steep, rocky sections from Kisoro to Ntebeko; Ntebeko as the trailhead for nature walks, volcano climbs and golden monkey and gorilla tracking; golden monkeys tracked on the slopes of Mount Gahinga, an hour's contact time, and the all-day habituation experience with researchers; all three volcanoes climbable in a day; Muhavura's 40 m crater lake and vegetation zones; Gahinga as the smallest Virunga volcano, with a swamp-filled crater about 180 m wide; Sabinyo's several summits and fixed ladder; the Batwa Trail, Garama Cave, the music and dance performance and full and half-day trails; lodges at Ntebeko, in Kisoro (14 km) and at Lake Mutanda, with resorts 16 km from Kisoro; the dry seasons (December to February, May to August, June and July driest) and wettest months (March to April, September to November); daytime temperatures around 15°C and nights around 10°C; and visits all year round.
- UWA Conservation Tariff, July 2024 to June 2026 (official PDF; UWA's rates page labels it "July 2024 to December 2026"; the October 2026 upload is identical): https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/UWA-Conservation-Tariff-July-2024-June-2026.pdf and https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/UWA-Conservation-Tariff-July-2024-June-2026.pdf. Supports the $800 gorilla permit in Bwindi and Mgahinga, including the guide fee, park entrance for the day and a community development contribution; the $1,500 habituation experience; Mgahinga golden monkey tracking at $60 and habituation at $100, both excluding entrance fees; Mgahinga volcano climbing at $100, entrance included; the Mgahinga Batwa Trail at $80, entrance included; the $40 entrance fee for Category A parks, Mgahinga included; gorilla permits for foreign non-residents booked only through licensed tour operators; the gorilla rules (minimum age 15, eight visitors per gorilla group, one hour per group per day, a 10 m (32.8 ft) distance, no flash, no visits with a cold or other infectious illness); and no minimum age stated for golden monkey tracking.
- UWA notice, "Introduction of Low Season Gorilla and Chimpanzee Permit Rates and Revised Tariff Structure," Ref TDO 93/04, February 26, 2026 (official PDF): https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Tariff-changes-2026-2027.pdf. Supports $600 gorilla tracking in April, May and November; low-season permits that cannot be rescheduled; gorilla tracking at $800 and habituation at $1,800 from January 1, 2027; and permits secured only on full payment from March 1, 2026.
- UWA, Rates and Tariffs (official): https://ugandawildlife.org/uwa-rates/. Supports that the tariff and the February 26, 2026 notice above were the current documents listed on October 13, 2026.
- UWA, Gorilla Tracking (official): https://ugandawildlife.org/activities/gorilla-tracking/. Supports treks of 2 to 7 hours with one hour with the family, Bwindi's four sectors, and Mgahinga issuing about 8 permits a day.
- UWA, Golden Monkey (official): https://ugandawildlife.org/animals/golden-monkey/. Supports golden monkeys found in Mgahinga and endemic to the Virungas, an estimate of 2,000 to 4,000, their classification as endangered, and golden monkey tracking being less exhausting than gorilla tracking.
- UWA, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (official): https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/bwindi-impenetrable-national-park/. Supports 25 habituated gorilla groups; 1,160 to 2,607 m; Rushaga and Nkuringo as the southern sectors; most visitors staying in Kisoro before trekking there; and the 35 km road from Kisoro taking at least one hour or an hour and a half.
- RDB booking portal, Mountain Gorilla Tracking (official): https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/mountain-gorilla-tracking. Supports Rwanda's $1,500 permit for foreigners.
- RDB booking portal, Golden Monkeys (official): https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/golden-monkeys. Supports $100 for foreigners.
- RDB booking portal, volcano hikes (official): https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/muhabura, https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/gahinga, https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/sabyinyo, https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/bisoke and https://visitrwandabookings.rdb.rw/rdbportal/web/rdb/karisimbi. Supports $100 for Muhabura, $75 each for Gahinga, Sabyinyo and Bisoke, and $400 for Karisimbi.
- Visit Rwanda, Gorilla Tracking (official, RDB): https://visitrwanda.com/interests/gorilla-tracking/. Supports twelve habituated gorilla families in Volcanoes National Park, eight permits per family a day and 96 permits a day.
- Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration, Border Management (official): https://migration.gov.rw/our-services/border-management. Supports Cyanika and Gatuna as border posts.
- Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration, Visitors Visa (official): https://www.migration.gov.rw/visa/visitors-visa. Supports the single-entry tourist visa ($50, 30 days) and the $100 East Africa Tourist Visa.
- Uganda National Citizenship and Immigration Control, East African Tourist Visa (official): https://www.immigration.go.ug/services/east-african-tourist-visa. Supports $100; Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda only; multiple use; valid 90 days; and the issuing country being your first entry point.
- Uganda National Citizenship and Immigration Control, "Official Notice: Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate is No Longer Mandatory for Entry into Uganda," October 2, 2026 (official): https://www.immigration.go.ug/node/254. Supports the end of the mandatory certificate for entry into Uganda.
- Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Info note for travelers (official): https://rbc.gov.rw/info-note-for-travelers/. Supports the yellow fever certificate for travelers arriving from yellow fever endemic countries, a list that includes Uganda.
- Uganda Tourism Board (Explore Uganda), Traveler Tips (official): https://exploreuganda.com/traveler-tips/. Supports the rainy seasons, March to May and September to November.
- International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP), Nyakagezi (conservation organization; group details reported): https://igcp.org/families/nyakagezi/. Supports the name Nyakagezi for Mgahinga's only habituated group, habituation from 1991 and tourism from 1994, 9 members including 4 silverbacks (last updated January 31, 2024), and the group's transboundary range.
- Horizon Guides, "Is Uganda Or Rwanda Better For Gorilla Trekking?" by Charlotte Beauvoisin, last updated August 6, 2026 (reported): https://horizonguides.com/guides/gorilla-trekking/rwanda-uganda. Supports 3 to 5 hours by road from Kigali International Airport to Uganda's gorilla tracking areas, Mgahinga's one habituated group being the Nyakagezi family, and Mgahinga's lighter, bamboo cover with steep tracking in places.
- Daily Monitor, "New Uganda-Rwanda border post excites locals," October 6, 2023 (reported): https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-uganda-rwanda-border-post-excites-locals-4391878. Supports the paired border names Kyanika/Cyanika in Kisoro.
- East Africa Safaris tour pages: https://eastafricasafaris.com/tour/3-day-uganda-gorilla-and-golden-monkey-trekking/, https://eastafricasafaris.com/tour/4-day-uganda-gorilla-and-golden-monkey-trekking-safari/, https://eastafricasafaris.com/tour/4-day-uganda-double-gorilla-trekking-and-golden-monkey-safari/, https://eastafricasafaris.com/tour/15-day-ultimate-east-africa-safari-rwanda-uganda-kenya-tanzania/ and https://eastafricasafaris.com/tour/2-day-uganda-gorilla-trekking-adventure-from-rwanda/. Supports the prices (solo, two sharing and six sharing; the 15-day safari quoted on request), the permits and inclusions, the vehicles, the parks and sectors, the day-by-day plans, golden monkeys in Volcanoes National Park, the Ellen DeGeneres Campus visit, the Batwa performance and Lake Mulehe night and canoe ride, the Batwa experience and optional Batwa trail on the 15-day safari, the order of the parks on the 4-day double changing with permit availability, the night in Kisoro on the 4-day double, the more open forest in Mgahinga, about 2.5 hours from Kigali to Volcanoes, about four hours from Kigali to Kisoro including the border, and year-round, 7-days-a-week availability.
- East Africa Safaris, Payment and Cancellation Policy, Rev. September 12, 2026; Mark Axelson's answers of September 29, 2026; and Mark Axelson's and Anna Axelson's answers of October 5 to 6, 2026: supports the 50% deposit after which we secure permits, the 6-month lead time for July, August and peak dates, Mgahinga or Bwindi chosen by permit availability and client preference, porter fees not included, masks on the trek, how rain affects treks, office locations and the legal name, East Africa Safari Tours, Inc., a Utah corporation.
- East Africa Safaris, "A Gorilla Encounter I'll Never Forget at Mgahinga": https://eastafricasafaris.com/a-gorilla-encounter-ill-never-forget-at-mgahinga/. Supports Mark's account of his Mgahinga trek.
- East Africa Safaris, FAQ: https://eastafricasafaris.com/frequently-asked-questions/. Supports the RDB license number, RDB/TL/2026/02/TO/00995.